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Storyboards and animatics play a key role in animation by helping plan out the story before full production begins. A storyboard is like a visual script, showing how scenes will look and how characters will move. Animatics take it further by adding timing, simple movement, and sound, giving a rough preview of the final animation. These steps make it easier to spot issues early, saving time and effort while ensuring the final product flows smoothly and looks great.

Storyboard

 A storyboard is a series of drawings that visually represent the story of a script or screenplay. Its main purpose is to give the production team a clear idea of how the story should be executed. Storyboards can range from detailed illustrations to simple stick figures, as long as they effectively convey information and emotion. [1]

“It is similar to a trial-run for your finished film, video, or commercial, laid out in a comic book-like form.” [2]

Walt Disney popularized the modern storyboarding process in the 1930s, though early forms of it were used by filmmakers like George Méliès, who used storyboards to visualize his planned effects. Disney animator Webb Smith introduced the idea of drawing scenes on separate sheets and pinning them to a board to visualize sequences, first used in the 1933 short Three Little Pigs. Disney’s approach to storyboarding was influenced by graphic novels and was crucial in enhancing storytelling. Today, storyboarding remains a standard practice in animation and filmmaking. [3]

Storyboards play an important role in filmmaking, from animated movies to action films. They help directors explain their vision to the entire production team, ensuring everyone is on the same page. However, storyboarding is not just about executing instructions—it requires storytelling skills. A storyboard artist must creatively break down scenes shot by shot to create an engaging film while considering practical limitations. The process also helps identify and eliminate overly complex or expensive shots before production begins. [4] [5]

Storyboard artists use different camera angles and compositions to establish the tone and mood of a scene. Storyboarding is not only about storytelling but also about determining how each shot shapes the film’s emotion and atmosphere. These choices guide directors in structuring their shot lists and filming strategies, making storyboards an essential tool in visual storytelling. [6]

The two basic versions of storyboard formats are traditional and thumbnail. The difference in those two is in how much detail is added. The traditional storyboard format consists of sketches with a lot of detail, which gives more information. These can be camera movements, characters, props, room details, and so on. Thumbnail storyboards are simplified versions of traditional storyboards, consisting of small, rough sketches without written notes. They focus on capturing the sequence of shots quickly and are useful for individual creators or small teams who don’t require detailed annotations. [7]

Animatic

Animatic is an animated storyboard. It is a series of storyboard images arranged in sequence and combined with sound and image movement to demonstrate how a scene would look like. It also demonstrated the approximate length of the animation or film. They help visualize timing, pacing, and overall flow. It serves as an advanced step after storyboarding, offering a clearer preview of the final project. [8]

Animatics are especially crucial for animation, where there is little flexibility compared to live-action filmmaking. Since animation requires extensive time and resources, with even a single second taking hours to render, every shot must be carefully planned and refined early on. [9]

Animatics offer several key benefits in animation and filmmaking. They are quick to produce, especially if a storyboard is already created, and serve as a reference for frame timing. They allow for easy adjustments, as rough sketches make it simpler to cut scenes without regret. Animatics also help build consensus among the creative team by providing an early visual representation of the film. Most importantly, they save time and money by identifying issues before committing to full production, making the process more efficient. [10] [11]

Bibliography

Chambers, James. “What is an Animatic?” Boords, April 4, 2024. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://boords.com/animatic/what-is-the-definition-of-an-animatic-storyboard.

Dunham, Brent. “What Is an Animatic — How to Bring Your Storyboard to Life.” StudioBinder, May 21, 2023. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-an-animatic-definition/.

Maio, Alyssa. “What Is a Storyboard? The Fundamentals to Get You Started.” StudioBinder, June 1, 2024. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-a-storyboard/.

Maitrai, Satyam. “The History of Storyboarding.” MakeStoryboard Blog (blog), April 7, 2022. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://makestoryboard.com/blog/the-history-of-storyboarding.

Mellon, Kevin, and Neal Holman. “Ein Guide zum Thema Storyboards.” Adobe. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://www.adobe.com/at/creativecloud/video/discover/storyboarding.html.

Naghdi, Arash, and Payam Adib. “Animatic in a nutshell; the storyboard made animated.” Dream Farm Studios (blog). Accessed February 7, 2025. https://dreamfarmstudios.com/blog/animatic-in-a-nutshell-the-storyboard-made-animated.

Vyond Team. “What Is a Storyboard and How Do You Create One?” Vyond, January 11, 2023. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://www.vyond.com/blog/what-is-a-storyboard-and-why-do-you-need-one/.

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[1] Vyond Team. “What Is a Storyboard and How Do You Create One?” Vyond, January 11, 2023. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://www.vyond.com/blog/what-is-a-storyboard-and-why-do-you-need-one/.

[2] Maio, Alyssa. “What Is a Storyboard? The Fundamentals to Get You Started.” StudioBinder, June 1, 2024. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-a-storyboard/.

[3] Maitrai, Satyam. “The History of Storyboarding.” MakeStoryboard Blog (blog), April 7, 2022. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://makestoryboard.com/blog/the-history-of-storyboarding.

[4] Mellon, Kevin, and Neal Holman. “Ein Guide zum Thema Storyboards.” Adobe. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://www.adobe.com/at/creativecloud/video/discover/storyboarding.html.

[5] Vyond Team, “What Is a Storyboard and How Do You Create One?”

[6] Mellon and Holman, “Ein Guide zum Thema Storyboards.”

[7] Maio, “What Is a Storyboard? The Fundamentals to Get You Started,” June 1, 2024.

[8] Dunham, Brent. “What Is an Animatic — How to Bring Your Storyboard to Life.” StudioBinder, May 21, 2023. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-an-animatic-definition/.

[9] Dunham, “What Is an Animatic — How to Bring Your Storyboard to Life,” May 21, 2023.

[10] Chambers, James. “What is an Animatic?” Boords, April 4, 2024. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://boords.com/animatic/what-is-the-definition-of-an-animatic-storyboard.

[11] Naghdi, Arash, and Payam Adib. “Animatic in a nutshell; the storyboard made animated.” Dream Farm Studios (blog). Accessed February 7, 2025. https://dreamfarmstudios.com/blog/animatic-in-a-nutshell-the-storyboard-made-animated.

This blog content was translated by artificial intelligence.

Animation is a form of storytelling. It is a technique that creates the illusion of movement by displaying a sequence of images in rapid succession. Each image is slightly different from the last. Traditional animation involved drawing or painting on transparent celluloid sheets, while modern animation primarily uses computer-generated imagery (CGI). The smoothness of motion depends on the frame rate, with 12 frames per second appearing somewhat choppy and 24 frames per second commonly used in films for fluid motion. Typically, moving characters are animated “on twos,” meaning each image is displayed for two frames to balance efficiency and movement realism. [1] [2]

Traditional Animation

There are different types of animations. Animation started with the traditional animation, also called cel animation and slowly transformed into newer types, with the help of technology.

As already mentioned, traditional animation is the oldest type. The objects are drawn on celluloid transparent paper, that’s why it is also called cel animation. Each frame has to be drawn on a new piece of paper. Background, characters and other elements are separated, and have their own layers. Animators have to create first the line art and later add color. Background artists create the background scenes. Once all the frames are finished, they are photographed using special animated cameras. The final film is then sent for development and processing. [3] [4][5]

2D Vector Animations

Traditional animations are also 2D animations, but they were at first hand drawn and later drawn with the help of digital tools. These images are pixel images, for example JPG, PNG, GIF. The vector animation process is based on vector images, which means the images always stay sharp. This was not the case with pixel images, where the images couldn’t be enlarged without using the image quality. As vector-based animations use mathematical values, the graphics can be changed, instead of redrawing each element over and over again, making the process faster and easier. Since vector graphics are resolution-independent, they maintain high quality at any size, making them ideal for mobile apps, interactive media, and online content. They are very popular for explainer animations, web animations, advertisements, and motion graphics. [6]

3D Animations

3D animation is the process of creating three-dimensional images in a digital context. These visuals are made by using 3D software, which allows animators to create objects, sets, and characters in 3D space. These make the image appear 3D in a 2D space. Unlike traditional 2D animation, where movement is created by drawing frame by frame, 3D animation relies on digital models that can be rigged with skeletons and manipulated to move fluidly. This process involves several stages, including modelling, texturing, rigging, animating, lighting, and rendering. Animators use keyframes and motion capture techniques to bring characters to life with realistic movements and expressions.

Beyond entertainment, 3D animation is widely used in gaming, virtual reality, architecture, medicine, and education. It enhances visual storytelling, making complex ideas more engaging and accessible. Advancements in technology, such as real-time rendering and artificial intelligence, continue to push the limits of what is possible, making 3D animation an essential tool in digital media. [7] [8]

Motion Graphics

Motion graphics refers to animated graphic design. A motion graphics artist uses text, images, and animation to convey information in a visually engaging way that complements the video’s style. The key element is „motion“ — if it doesn’t move, it’s not motion graphics. Unlike traditional animation, which focuses on character-driven storytelling, motion graphics primarily emphasize dynamic visuals and typography to enhance communication.

Motion graphics are widely used in advertising, explainer videos, social media content, and broadcast design. They help simplify complex ideas through visually appealing animations, making information more digestible and engaging. With advancements in software like Adobe After Effects and Cinema 4D, motion graphics continue to evolve, blending seamlessly with 3D elements, visual effects, and interactive media to create compelling digital experiences. [9] [10] [11] [12]

Stop Motion

Stop motion encompasses various techniques, including claymation, pixelation, and object-motion. This type of animation is not done with drawing or using digital modelling tools, it is typically made with physical objects, which are being rearranged or remodelled for every frame. While the styles may differ, the fundamental mechanics are similar to traditional animation, like a flipbook. Each frame is being photographed to create the illusion of movement.[13]

Bibliography

Adobe. “Motion graphics explained: definition, history and examples.” Accessed February 7, 2025. https://www.adobe.com/uk/creativecloud/animation/discover/motion-graphics.html.

Bianat. “Traditional Animation.” Baianat. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://www.baianat.com/books/animation-revolution/traditional-animation.

Ellis, Matt. “Motion graphics vs. animation: what’s the difference?” 99designs (blog), 2019. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://99designs.com/blog/video-animation/motion-graphics-vs-animation/.

Into Film. “Animation: Hand Drawn.” Accessed February 7, 2025. https://www.intofilm.org/films/filmlist/91.

Katatikarn, Jasmine. “What Is 3D Animation? The Complete Guide (2024).” Academy of Animated Art, January 11, 2024. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://academyofanimatedart.com/what-is-3d-animation/.

Maio, Alyssa. “What Is Animation — Definition, History and Types of Animation.” StudioBinder, January 28, 2025. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-animation-definition/.

Museum of Science Boston. “Animation.” The Science Behind Pixar. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://sciencebehindpixar.org/pipeline/animation.

Provost, Rex. “What Is Motion Graphics — Definition, Examples & Types.” StudioBinder, September 3, 2023. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-motion-graphics-definition/.

Silveira, Felippe. “What Is Motion Graphics?” Mowe, August 3, 2023. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://mowe.studio/what-is-motion-graphics/.

Toonboom. “Traditional Animation.” Accessed February 7, 2025. https://learn.toonboom.com/modules/animation-techniques/topic/traditional-animation.

Unity. “What is 3D animation?” Accessed February 7, 2025. https://unity.com/topics/what-3d-animation.

This blog content was translated by artificial intelligence.

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[1] Maio, Alyssa. “What Is Animation — Definition, History and Types of Animation.” StudioBinder, January 28, 2025. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-animation-definition/.

[2] Museum of Science Boston. “Animation.” The Science Behind Pixar. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://sciencebehindpixar.org/pipeline/animation.

[3] Maio, “What Is Animation — Definition, History and Types of Animation.”

[4] Toonboom. “Traditional Animation.” Accessed February 7, 2025. https://learn.toonboom.com/modules/animation-techniques/topic/traditional-animation.

[5] Into Film. “Animation: Hand Drawn.” Accessed February 7, 2025. https://www.intofilm.org/films/filmlist/91.

[6] Maio, “What Is Animation — Definition, History and Types of Animation.”

[7] Unity. “What is 3D animation?” Accessed February 7, 2025. https://unity.com/topics/what-3d-animation.

[8] Katatikarn, Jasmine. “What Is 3D Animation? The Complete Guide (2024).” Academy of Animated Art, January 11, 2024. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://academyofanimatedart.com/what-is-3d-animation/.

[9] Provost, Rex. “What Is Motion Graphics — Definition, Examples & Types.” StudioBinder, September 3, 2023. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-motion-graphics-definition/.

[10] Ellis, Matt. “Motion graphics vs. animation: what’s the difference?” 99designs (blog), 2019. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://99designs.com/blog/video-animation/motion-graphics-vs-animation/.

[11] Silveira, Felippe. “What Is Motion Graphics?” Mowe, August 3, 2023. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://mowe.studio/what-is-motion-graphics/.

[12] Adobe. “Motion graphics explained: definition, history and examples.” Accessed February 7, 2025. https://www.adobe.com/uk/creativecloud/animation/discover/motion-graphics.html.

[13] Maio, “What Is Animation — Definition, History and Types of Animation.”

Animation has evolved from simple drawings to cutting-edge digital creations. The modern history of animation began in the 19th century with the invention of devices like the zoetrope and phenakistoscope, which created the illusion of movement by displaying a series of images in rapid succession. [1]

The early 20th century marked the birth of traditional animation. In 1908, French artist Émile Cohl created Fantasmagoria, considered the first fully animated film using hand-drawn images. It was made from 700 drawings, 2 minutes long, and with that the beginning of the traditional animation. In 1914 Winsor McCay developed Gertie the Dinosaur (1914), one of the first animated characters with personality and emotion. It was the first animation to use key framing, inbetweening, registration marks and animation loops. [2] [3]

One of the biggest breakthroughs came with Walt Disney, who revolutionized animation with synchronized sound in Steamboat Willie (1928), introducing the world to Mickey Mouse. Disney also pioneered full-length animated films, starting with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), proving that animation could be more than just short cartoons. [4]

The Golden Age of Animation (1940s – 1960s)

This period witnessed the emergence of major animation studios such as Disney, Warner Bros., and MGM and those introduced still well-known, iconic characters like Bugs Bunny, Tom & Jerry and Donald Duck. Disney continued to create groundbreaking animated films, including Cinderella (1950) and Sleeping Beauty (1959). At the same time, Warner Bros. Created their own renowned Looney Tunes series, featuring legendary animators like Chuck Jones and Tex Avery.[5]

The Rise of Computer Animation (1970s – 1990s)

In the 1970s, technology began to play a bigger role in animation. Traditional hand-drawn techniques were still prevalent, but computer-generated imagery (CGI) were also gradually emerging. A notable breakthrough in CGI animation happened with Tron (1982), which utilized mostly computer effects. The biggest shift happened in 1995 when Pixar Studios released Toy Story, the first fully computer-animated film. This milestone paved the way for future successes like Shrek (2001), Finding Nemo (2003) and Frozen (2010). [6]

Modern Animation and the Digital Era (2000s – Present)

Today, animation has reached unparalleled heights with the evolution in CGI, motion capture and AI-driven techniques. Studios like Pixar, DreamWorks and Illumination are dominating the industry, by producing high-quality animated films and shows. The uprising of streaming services like Netflix and Disney+ has also further expanded the accessibility of animation worldwide. Additionally, Japanese anime has gathered vast global popularity, with popular titles like Spirited Away (2001) and Your Name (2016). These animated movies show the artistic depth, which happens beyond Hollywood. [7]

From very early flipbooks and hand-drawn frames all the way to CGI and AI-powered animation, the animation industry has undergone an immense evolution. Animation continues to push creative and technological boundaries, while also shaping storytelling and entertainment for future generations. As technology continues to advance, the future of animation holds limitles potential and possibilities.

Bibliography

Kehr, Dave. “Animation.” Encyclopedia Britannica, January 14, 2025. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://www.britannica.com/art/animation.

History of Animation. “The History of Animation.” Accessed February 7, 2025. https://history-of-animation.webflow.io.

Fudge. “A Timeline: The Evolution of Animation.” Fudge Animations. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://www.fudgeanimation.com/journal/the-evolution-of-animation-a-timeline.

NYFA. “The History of Animation: Celebrating Disney’S 100 Years of Stories,” October 17, 2023. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://www.nyfa.edu/student-resources/quick-history-animation.

Barnhart, Ben. “The History of Computer Animation.” Linearity, February 18, 2024. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://www.linearity.io/blog/computer-animation.

InFocus Film School. “The History of 3D Animation: A Deep Dive,” November 25, 2022. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://infocusfilmschool.com/history-of-3d-animation.

This blog content was translated by artificial intelligence.

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[1] Kehr, Dave. “Animation.” Encyclopedia Britannica, January 14, 2025. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://www.britannica.com/art/animation.

[2] History of Animation. “The History of Animation.” Accessed February 7, 2025. https://history-of-animation.webflow.io.

[3] Fudge. “A Timeline: The Evolution of Animation.” Fudge Animations. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://www.fudgeanimation.com/journal/the-evolution-of-animation-a-timeline.

[4] Kehr, “Animation.”

[5] NYFA. “The History of Animation: Celebrating Disney’S 100 Years of Stories,” October 17, 2023. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://www.nyfa.edu/student-resources/quick-history-animation.

[6] Barnhart, Ben. “The History of Computer Animation.” Linearity, February 18, 2024. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://www.linearity.io/blog/computer-animation.

[7] InFocus Film School. “The History of 3D Animation: A Deep Dive,” November 25, 2022. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://infocusfilmschool.com/history-of-3d-animation.

Traditions, customs and stories, which were passed down through generations are all part of folklore, which serves as an important part of any cultures identity.  It reflects the values, beliefs and experiences of communities and in doing that, offers insights into their way of life. By studying these folklore tales, we are able to gain a deeper understanding of societies, cultures and even individuals. [1]

One of the main functions of folklore is to protect and maintain the gathered wisdom of a society or community. Through these tales, poems, proverbs and songs, folklore passes on knowledge, moral lessons and universal truths, which are used to guide people through life’s challenges. It also showcases that all of our problems and successes happen in many different cultures throughout many different periods of time in history. [2]

Folktales especially are a significant aspect of folklore, which have been enchanting people for centuries.  They were very important as a source of entertainment for peasants and kings alike in the middle ages and still serve the same purpose today. But these folktales also serve another purpose, which is, to tell us about the way life was for the common man. History books are filled with names, dates and events which have shaped our world, but it is folklore, which remembers the hopes, fears, dreams and details of everyday lives. [3]

In schools and any other educational setting, folklore can play a significant role. Folktales can be used to help children develop reading skills, while also studying other cultures and discovering a love for stories and literature. They can also provide a way for children to understand the material and the social environment. Every story has a moral to teach people, the most common one being goodwill defeating evil. [4]

Additionally, folklore can foster a sense of belonging and unity among individuals. By maintaining and protecting their folklore, communities can keep a strong connection to their culture and their history, making sure their traditions and values continue through future generations. This then serves as a source of pride and a sense of belonging in a community. [5]

Mythological stories are stories about gods and the origins of how things came to be and these stories, just like folklore are also passed down through generations and can also be used to define a culture. One of the most well-known stories in mythology is how Odin lost his eye, trading in a well for cosmic knowledge and perception. This story belongs to nordic mythology. On the other hand, one of the most well-known stories in folklore, specifically slavic folklore is the story of Baba Yaga, who lives in the woods in a wooden house perched atop enormous chicken legs and surrounded by a fence made of skulls. While Odin, the All-Father is a figure of knowledge and the ultimate God in the nordic religion, Baba Yaga represents a helpful grandmotherly figure, who is also a cannibalistic witch. [6]

To conclude, folklore is not just a collection of old stories, it is a living and dynamic part of human culture. It preserves the whole wisdom of communities, while educating the young and giving them a sense of identity, pride and unity. In out fast changing world, the importance of folklore remains undiminished. It serves as a bridge between our past and the present, while guiding us towards understanding our cultures and even our future.

Bibliography

August House Piblishers. “Why Are Folktales Important?” August House. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://www.augusthouse.com/why-are-folktales-important.

Fleury, Larry. “The Importance of Folklore in the Modern World.” Farmers’ Almanac, May 6, 2024. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://www.farmersalmanac.com/importance-folklore-modern-world.

Harvard Library. “Research in Folklore Studies.” Research Guides, January 31, 2025. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://guides.library.harvard.edu/folk_and_myth.

House, Christine Y. “Cultural Understanding Through Folklore.” Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://teachersinstitute.yale.edu/curriculum/units/1993/2/93.02.05.x.html.

HowStuffWorks. “The Fascinating World of Folklore: Exploring Cultural Traditions.” HowStuffWorks, July 22, 2024. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://people.howstuffworks.com/what-is-folklore.htm.

Manabat, April. “Mythology and Folklore.” Nazarbayev University, December 6, 2024. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://nu.kz.libguides.com/mythologyandfolklore.

This blog content was translated by artificial intelligence.

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[1] Harvard Library. “Research in Folklore Studies.” Research Guides, January 31, 2025. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://guides.library.harvard.edu/folk_and_myth.

[2] Fleury, Larry. “The Importance of Folklore in the Modern World.” Farmers’ Almanac, May 6, 2024. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://www.farmersalmanac.com/importance-folklore-modern-world.

[3] House, Christine Y. “Cultural Understanding Through Folklore.” Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://teachersinstitute.yale.edu/curriculum/units/1993/2/93.02.05.x.html.

[4] August House Piblishers. “Why Are Folktales Important?” August House. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://www.augusthouse.com/why-are-folktales-important.

[5] HowStuffWorks. “The Fascinating World of Folklore: Exploring Cultural Traditions.” HowStuffWorks, July 22, 2024. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://people.howstuffworks.com/what-is-folklore.htm.

[6] Manabat, April. “Mythology and Folklore.” Nazarbayev University, December 6, 2024. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://nu.kz.libguides.com/mythologyandfolklore.

In the current state of our world, people’s attention span are shrinking more from one day to another. In a world like that, explainer videos are a saving grace and a powerful tool for communication and gathering information. These videos are short and engaging, designed to simply explain any complex topic, such that they are understood by a broad audience. Explainer videos rely on storytelling, visuals and voiceovers to relay messages in an informative yet entertaining way. There have been studies, showing that these videos are very effective in engaging viewers, because they combine visual and auditory elements, which improves comprehension of any subject. [1]

There are different types of explainer videos, animation being one of the most common. Animated explainer videos use various techniques, such as motion graphics, 2D vector animation and even 3D elements to bring ideas to life. By using animation, you are allowing increased creativity, flexibility and the ability to illustrate very abstract and complex ideas in a simple way. On the other hand, live-action explainer videos have real people acting, using props and locations to create a more personal connection with the viewers. Some brands and companies combine both of these types, trying to strike a balance between the two. [2]

One of the main reasons that explainer videos are so effective, is the ability to break down any given topic or difficult concept. By not overwhelming the viewers with huge amount of information, text or infographics, these videos use engaging and simple animations with voiceover narration to simplify the message. With the visual storytelling, the viewers‘ comprehension is enhanced, which leads to information being more structured and easier to remember. [3]

In schools, explainer videos are being widely used to make learning more interactive. Different subjects like medicine, physics, engineering and IT very often rely on abstract concepts, which can be extremely difficult and challenging for students to grasp. These explainer videos can bring these subjects to life, by demonstrating the process in a visually engaging manner. Especially whiteboard animations have become a very popular method for breaking down different ideas in an easy-to-follow way.

While very useful in education, these explainer videos are also widely used and play a crucial role in marketing. Businesses use these to introduce an array of products, explain their services and build brand awareness. Because these videos are so short and engaging, they work well on social media, landing pages and even in email campaigns. Studies have shown that consumers are more likely to purchase a product, after watching a well crafted explainer video, because it explains and helps clarify on exactly what the product is and its value and function in a matter of seconds. [4]

To conclude, explainer videos are highly effective way to communicate different ideas or topics, whether it is used for education or marketing. Their ability to simplify difficult topics, while engaging audiences and enhancing retention makes them a vital tool in today’s digital world. Whether it is through animation or through live-action, these videos have the power to make information more accessible, enjoyable and memorable, proving that sometimes, a short video can say more than a thousand words.

Bibliography

Connolly, Michelle. “Educational Explainer Videos: Learning via Visual Content.” Educational Voice, November 27, 2024. Accessed February 3, 2025. https://educationalvoice.co.uk/educational-explainer-videos/.

Dowdall, Eoin. “Explainer Videos: What Are They and Why Are They Great? Kartoffel Films.” Kartoffel Films, May 10, 2021. Accessed February 3, 2025. https://kartoffelfilms.com/blog/explainer-videos-what-are-they-and-why-are-they/.

Kumar, Anil. “Why Are Educational Explainer Videos Important?” Mypromovideos, June 4, 2024. Accessed February 3, 2025. https://mypromovideos.com/blog/educational-explainer-videos/.

Schorn, Anna. “Online Explainer Videos: Features, Benefits, and Effects.” Frontiers in Communication 7 (November 23, 2022). https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2022.1034199.

This blog content was translated by artificial intelligence.

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[1] Schorn, Anna. “Online Explainer Videos: Features, Benefits, and Effects.” Frontiers in Communication 7 (November 23, 2022). https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2022.1034199.

[2] Dowdall, Eoin. “Explainer Videos: What Are They and Why Are They Great? Kartoffel Films.” Kartoffel Films, May 10, 2021. Accessed February 3, 2025. https://kartoffelfilms.com/blog/explainer-videos-what-are-they-and-why-are-they/.

[3] Connolly, Michelle. “Educational Explainer Videos: Learning via Visual Content.” Educational Voice, November 27, 2024. Accessed February 3, 2025. https://educationalvoice.co.uk/educational-explainer-videos/.

[4] Kumar, Anil. “Why Are Educational Explainer Videos Important?” Mypromovideos, June 4, 2024. Accessed February 3, 2025. https://mypromovideos.com/blog/educational-explainer-videos/.

Storytelling is one of the oldest and most fundamental form of communication and cultural connection, which transcends cultures and even generations. At its core, good storytelling consists of several key elements, which work in harmony to drag in audiences and readers to convey interesting and meaningful stories. The most important and common ones are setting, characters, plot, conflict, theme, point of view and style.

Setting

The setting is used to establish the time and place of where the story is happening, providing the backdrop with which the characters interact, and different events occur. A well established setting can immerse the audience completely, making the world feel more believable. Whether it is the bustling streets of a modern city or a fantastical world, the setting shapes the story’s atmosphere and influences the characters actions. The best known example of this being J.R.R. Tolkien’s “Lord of the Rings”, which is a richly detailed story, set in the epic realm of Middle-Earth. [1]

Characters

Characters are the heart of any story. They drive the plot through their actions, desires and growth. These characters can be protagonists, antagonists or supporting figures, each one of them contributing to the story’s progression. Characters, that are well developed can possess distinct personalities, motivations and arcs, which resonate with the audience. A good example is Harper Lee’s “To Kill a Mockingbird”, where the character of Atticus Finch is the embodiment of integrity and justice, which leaves a lasting impact on readers. [2]

Plot

The plot is a sequence of events, which happen in a story and compose a narrative. This narrative is structured with a beginning, middle and end. It contains the actions, reactions and turning points of characters, guiding the story and leading it forward. A well structured and compelling plot maintains tension and intrigue. The most common structure of a story includes exposition, rising action, climax, falling action and resolution. Shakespeare’s “Romeo and Juliet” is a very good example of a story, which draws in readers through its many dramatic twists and turns. [3]

Conflict

Conflicts can introduce challenges or obstacles to the characters, which they must navigate. These conflicts create tension and drive the story forward. They can happen internally within a character or externally between characters or different forces. These conflicts are very important for any characters development and plot progression, because it compels the characters to make choices and change. [4]

Theme

The theme of a story summarizes the underlying message or central idea of a story. It offers insights into the human experience. Themes most often explore concepts such as love, power, betrayal or redemption. They provide depth to any story. [5]

Point of view

The point of view determines the perspective from which the story is told. This perspective influences how information is presented and how readers connect with the characters. The point of view can be first-person, which offers an intimate view into a character’s thoughts; third-person limited, which focuses on one character’s experiences; or third-person omniscient, which provides a god-like overview of all characters and events happening in the story. [6]

Style

The style encompasses the author’s unique voice. This includes their choice of language, structure of sentences and literary devices. These choices shape the stories tone and evoke specific emotions or atmospheres. [7]

These are just some of the many elements of storytelling, which can transform any simple tale into a compelling story, which resonates with audiences and readers, by understanding and applying just some of the components, that I described.

Bibliography

August House Publishers. “Why Are Folktales Important?” August House, 2023. Accessed February 3, 2025. https://www.augusthouse.com/8-common-elements-in-storytelling.

Humm, Philipp. “7 Elements of Great Storytelling.” Power of Storytelling, September 30, 2021. Accessed February 3, 2025. https://power-of-storytelling.com/storytelling-elements/.

Interaction Design Foundation. “Aristotle’s 7 Elements of Good Storytelling.” Accessed February 3, 2025. https://public-media.interaction-design.org/pdf/Aristotles-7-Elements-of-Good-Storytelling.pdf.

Leighfield, Luke. “The 5 Key Story Elements.” Boords, March 28, 2024. Accessed February 3, 2025. https://boords.com/storytelling/the-5-key-story-elements.

National Geographic Society. “Elements of Storytelling: An overview of basic storytelling elements for photography, film and writing.” National Geographic, January 31, 2025. Accessed February 3, 2025. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/elements-storytelling/.

Youell, Joy. “Essential Elements of Storytelling.” Hire a Writer, April 8, 2023. Accessed February 3, 2025. https://www.hireawriter.us/storytelling/essential-elements-of-storytelling.

This blog content was translated by artificial intelligence.

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[1] National Geographic Society. “Elements of Storytelling: An overview of basic storytelling elements for photography, film and writing.” National Geographic, January 31, 2025. Accessed February 3, 2025. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/elements-storytelling/.

[2] Leighfield, Luke. “The 5 Key Story Elements.” Boords, March 28, 2024. Accessed February 3, 2025. https://boords.com/storytelling/the-5-key-story-elements.

[3] Leighfield, “The 5 Key Story Elements.”

[4] Youell, Joy. “Essential Elements of Storytelling.” Hire a Writer, April 8, 2023. Accessed February 3, 2025. https://www.hireawriter.us/storytelling/essential-elements-of-storytelling.

[5] August House Publishers. “Why Are Folktales Important?” August House, 2023. Accessed February 3, 2025. https://www.augusthouse.com/8-common-elements-in-storytelling.

[6] Humm, Philipp. “7 Elements of Great Storytelling.” Power of Storytelling, September 30, 2021. Accessed February 3, 2025. https://power-of-storytelling.com/storytelling-elements/.

[7] Interaction Design Foundation. “Aristotle’s 7 Elements of Good Storytelling.” Accessed February 3, 2025. https://public-media.interaction-design.org/pdf/Aristotles-7-Elements-of-Good-Storytelling.pdf.

“Stories are the building blocks of the human experience. From „once upon a time,“ to „the end,“ humans make sense of the world through stories.”[1]

Everything you can think about is made up of stories, even texts and emails. Storytelling can be found in all different forms scattered around in human societies, from myths and legends to religion. It is one of the oldest and most important art forms known to humankind. Storytelling has evolved from visual (cave drawings), to oral, from written to digital.[2]

About storytelling through time

The visual storytelling is over 36.000 years old, and the oral storytelling over 50.000 years old. The oldest form of visual storytelling are the cave paintings found in the Chauvet caves in southern France, depicting the everyday and reflecting on events. Another common form of drawing was the use of hieroglyphs in ancient Egypt. With drawing pictographic characters as symbols and sounds it was also a form of writing and is recognised as one of the world’s oldest writing systems. The visual storytelling kept evolving over the years and became an important form of preserving history and legends. Historical examples of visual storytelling have been found in Egyptian pyramids, on ancient Greek vases and frescoes, Chinese tapestries, statues, canvases, and through the evolution of technology also through photographs and video.[3] [4]

Oral storytelling is one of the oldest forms of storytelling, dating back to the origins of speech, estimated between 50,000 to 2 million years ago. Songs, chants and epic poetry were used to tell stories, and were handed down from generation to generation. These stories were eventually written and published. Oral storytelling remains a popular and essential part of human connection.[5] [6]

Key storytelling techniques include pacing, pauses, comedy, and drama, which have propelled storytelling from intimate fireside gatherings to grand theatrical productions like Greek tragedies. The Greeks introduced structured storytelling elements such as the protagonist, antagonist, and chorus, influencing modern theatre, including the Broadway industry.[7]

Today, oral storytelling remains widely practiced, with modern platforms like podcasts, YouTube, and everyday conversations keeping it alive. Political figures also utilize storytelling to engage and persuade audiences, making it a fundamental skill in contemporary society.[8]

Compared to visual and oral storytelling, written storytelling is very young dating back around 9000 years. The earliest examples of human writing come from the Sumerians and Egyptians with their hieroglyphics. Drawings slowly evolved into writing. Writing changed the course of storytelling. It gave the humans the possibility to be immortalized, as well as preserving the true story. Through oral storytelling a lot of stories were altered and can’t be taken as facts. Written storytelling has placed importance on the wealthy and essentially gave added power to education.[9]

The youngest form of storytelling is digital storytelling. Digital storytelling is photography, moving images, sound, or the combination of different elements and also adding still images and text. Photography has the ability to communicate stories through emotions, mood, narrative, ideas and messages. They evoke emotions and empathy. So do sound and video. A few examples of modern storytellers are writers, musicians, journalists, filmmakers, performers, and educators.[10]

Gilgamesh

The oldest story that has been deciphered from the ancient times was Gilgamesh. The story is about an ancient Mesopotamian king who lived around 2700 BC. This story has a structure, where the beginning has an action-packed adventure, and is followed by a character’s development over the course of his quest and finally ending in a climax where he is finally able to complete the adventure. Here can the hero’s journey already be found.[11]

Bibliography

Cosby, Annie. “Once Upon a Time: A Brief History of Storytelling,” Freewrite, March 19, 2024. Accessed January 30, 2025, https://getfreewrite.com/blogs/writing-success/stories-the-building-blocks-of-the-human-experience

EM, “The History and Future of Storytelling,” A Quintillion Words, December 15, 2021. Accessed January 30, 2025, https://aquintillionwords.com/2021/12/15/the-history-and-future-of-storytelling/.

Mendoza, Melissa. “The Evolution of Storytelling,” Reporter, May 1, 2015. Accessed January 30, 2025, https://reporter.rit.edu/tech/evolution-storytelling.

Parkes, Daniela. “A Brief History of Storytelling: How Long Has It Existed?,” Daniela Parkes, May 6, 2024. Accessed January 30, 2025, https://danielaparkes.com/blog/brief-history-of-storytelling/.

TrueEditors, “The Evolution of Storytelling,” True Editors, June 1, 2022. Accessed January 30, 2025, https://www.trueeditors.com/blog/the-evolution-of-storytelling/.

This blog content was translated by artificial intelligence.

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[1] Cosby, Annie. “Once Upon a Time: A Brief History of Storytelling,” Freewrite, March 19, 2024. Accessed January 30, 2025, https://getfreewrite.com/blogs/writing-success/stories-the-building-blocks-of-the-human-experience

[2] Parkes, Daniela. “A Brief History of Storytelling: How Long Has It Existed?”, Daniela Parkes, May 6, 2024. Accessed January 30, 2025, https://danielaparkes.com/blog/brief-history-of-storytelling/.

[3] Parkes, “A Brief History of Storytelling: How Long Has It Existed?”

[4] Mendoza, Melissa. “The Evolution of Storytelling,” Reporter, May 1, 2015. Accessed January 30, 2025, https://reporter.rit.edu/tech/evolution-storytelling.

[5] Parkes, “A Brief History of Storytelling: How Long Has It Existed?”

[6] Mendoza, “The Evolution of Storytelling”

[7] Parkes, “A Brief History of Storytelling: How Long Has It Existed?”

[8] Parkes, “A Brief History of Storytelling: How Long Has It Existed?”

[9] Mendoza, “The Evolution of Storytelling”

[10] Cosby, Annie. “Once Upon a Time: A Brief History of Storytelling,” Freewrite, March 19, 2024. Accessed January 30, 2025, https://getfreewrite.com/blogs/writing-success/stories-the-building-blocks-of-the-human-experience

[11] EM, “The History and Future of Storytelling,” A Quintillion Words, December 15, 2021. Accessed January 30, 2025, https://aquintillionwords.com/2021/12/15/the-history-and-future-of-storytelling/.

In the Beginning of the Semester, I watched Blade Runner, the iconic sci-fi film that paints a vivid picture of a future where technology and humanity are deeply intertwined. Beyond its gripping story and stunning visuals, the movie left me with a lot to think about—especially how its portrayal of holograms and augmented reality (AR) mirrors the possibilities and pitfalls of our own technological advancements.

Holograms and AR: A Glimpse into the Future

One of the most striking elements of Blade Runner is its use of holograms. From the giant, shimmering advertisements to the intimate, lifelike projections, these holograms feel like a natural part of the world. But what’s fascinating is how close this vision is to becoming reality—not through actual holograms, but through AR glasses.

In the film, the holograms aren’t physically present; they’re projections that only certain characters can see. This is exactly how AR works today. With AR glasses, digital elements are overlaid onto the real world, visible only to the wearer. It’s a subtle but powerful way to blend the physical and digital, much like the holograms in Blade Runner.

This got me thinking: what if AR glasses became as ubiquitous as smartphones? We could have personalized ads floating in the air, virtual assistants walking beside us, or even holographic companions. The potential is exciting, but it also raises questions about privacy, distraction, and the line between reality and illusion.

The Dystopian Side of Progress

Blade Runner doesn’t just showcase the wonders of technology—it also highlights its darker side. The film’s world is a dystopia where technological advances have led to environmental decay, social inequality, and a loss of humanity. The holograms, while mesmerizing, are part of a society that’s become overly reliant on technology, to the point where it’s hard to tell what’s real and what’s artificial.

This dystopian vision resonates with some of the concerns surrounding AR and other immersive technologies. As we push further into technological innovation, we risk creating a world where digital overlays dominate our perception, blurring the boundaries between reality and simulation. What happens when we spend more time in augmented worlds than in the real one? How do we ensure that technology enhances our lives without eroding our connection to the physical world and each other?

Inspiration for the Future

Despite its cautionary tone, Blade Runner is also a source of inspiration. It shows us what’s possible when creativity and technology come together. The holograms, the neon-lit cityscapes, and the seamless integration of digital and physical elements are a testament to the power of imagination.

For me, the film is a reminder to approach AR and other immersive technologies with both excitement and caution. As designers and developers, we have the opportunity to shape how these technologies are used. We can create experiences that enhance reality without overwhelming it, that bring people together without isolating them, and that push boundaries without losing sight of what makes us human.

As I dive deeper into my master’s research on virtual and mixed reality (VR/MR), I’ve become fascinated by how immersive technologies can merge physical and digital worlds. Recently, I had the chance to explore this intersection firsthand at Graz’s Klanglicht Festival, a celebration of sound, light, and interactive art. More importantly, I contributed to Langnicht, a collaborative project that challenged me to rethink how we design immersive experiences—lessons I’ll carry into my work with VR/MR.

Klanglicht: Where Art Meets Immersion

Klanglicht transforms public spaces into playgrounds for sensory storytelling. As a visitor, I wandered through installations that used light and sound to create otherworldly environments. Unlike traditional media, these pieces relied on abstraction and minimalism to evoke emotions, proving that powerful narratives don’t always need screens or text. For someone studying VR/MR, this was a masterclass in using simplicity to enhance immersion.

Langnicht: Building in a Historic Space

The heart of my experience was Langnicht, a project where interdisciplinary teams (including Communication, Media, Sound, and Interaction students) created an installation in Graz’s Antoniuskirche, a protected historic church. The constraints were strict: no alterations to the building, and everything had to be self-supported.

Challenge 1: Respecting History
Setting up in a centuries-old space forced us to innovate. We couldn’t drill, glue, or modify anything—so we designed modular structures that complemented the church’s architecture. This taught me the value of adaptability, a skill crucial for MR projects where digital elements must coexist with physical environments.

Challenge 2: Storytelling with Light and Sound
Our team’s task was to create a three-minute show exploring the tension and harmony between nature and technology. With no screens or text, we relied on LED pixel rails and spatial sound. How do you convey a “solar-punk” vision of the future with blinking lights and abstract audio?

We broke the narrative into movements:

1. Conflict: Harsh, discordant sounds paired with erratic light patterns.
2. Harmony: Soothing tones and rhythmic pulses, mimicking natural cycles.
3. Fusion: A crescendo where light and sound merged into a cohesive, hopeful rhythm.

The result was a minimalist yet evocative experience. It reminded me of VR/MR design, where developers often use subtle cues—like ambient sounds or shifting light—to guide users without overwhelming them.

Why This Matters for VR/MR

1. Constraints Spark Creativity: Limited tools pushed us to focus on core emotions—a lesson for designing immersive tech, where less can often mean more.
2. Interdisciplinary Collaboration: Working with sound designers, artists, and engineers mirrored the teamwork needed in VR/MR development.
3. Respecting Physical Spaces: Just as we adapted to the church’s structure, MR projects must blend seamlessly with real-world environments.